![]() However, the research on the use of blockchain in the healthcare sector is insufficient ( 17). Blockchain has gained the interest of entire business corporations because data saved on the blockchain is highly trustworthy and easily accessible through duplication. The blend of blockchain and E-health can solve several challenges traditional healthcare solutions face like information sharing, data security, and privacy protection and improve user-centered smart healthcare solutions, as shown in Figure 2. Blockchain technology provides features such as decentralization, Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networking architecture, secrecy, tamper-evidence, and auditability, which can be effective for data sharing, transactions, and supply-chain management. Although the smart healthcare business has made rapid progress, there are still security issues ( 15, 16). Smart healthcare often incorporates EHR and cloud data that combine these EHR with mobile IoT by using IoT and communication devices for the development of medical and health services and the improvement of administrative services ( 12– 14). Technological advancements such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Industrial IoT, and big data have aided the expansion and innovation of healthcare worldwide and the development of smart healthcare systems ( 10, 11). Results indicate that the proposed solution performs exceptionally well when compared with existing solutions, which include Proof-Of-Work (POW), Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA-1), and Message Digest (MD5) in terms of power consumption, authenticity, and security of healthcare records. An Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) is used to verify EHR sensors to assemble and transmit data to cloud infrastructure. We propose an architecture based on blockchain technology that authenticates the user identity using a Proof of Stake (POS) cryptography consensus mechanism and Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA256) to secure EHR sharing among different electronic healthcare systems. Data exploitation is difficult and evident in a blockchain network due to its immutability. Blockchain creates a distributed ledger system using techniques of cryptography (hashes) that are consistent and permit actions to be carried out in a distributed manner without needing a centralized authority. Blockchain is a distributed, decentralized ledger technology that can provide secured, validated, and immutable data sharing facilities. EHR has struggled to meet the demands of several stakeholders and systems in terms of safety, isolation, and other regulatory constraints. EHR systems in healthcare have traditionally relied on a centralized system (e.g., cloud) to exchange health data across healthcare stakeholders, which may expose private and sensitive patient information. Further secure sharing and maintenance of Electronic Healthcare Records (EHR) are imperative. Healthcare information is essential for both service providers and patients. ![]()
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